Discuss the similarities and differences in the international trade Essay

Talk about the likenesses and contrasts in the universal exchange Politics among China and Taiwan - Essay Example Correspondingly, universal exchange legislative issues between at least two countries likewise venture a more clear picture about the political connections between those countries (Buthe and Milner, 2008). Correspondingly, this article will concentrate on talking about the universal exchange relations enduring among China and Taiwan, with an expectation to comprehend the similitudes and dissimilarities between the political situating and procedures received by these countries when managing their conciliatory relations. From a basic perspective, the political relations between these two countries can be portrayed regarding restricted correspondence, rigidities, and shakiness. Regardless of the unsteadiness between these two countries, despite everything exchange connections between them bloomed after 2001 when China turned into a part country of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Supporters to this exchange connection have frequently contended that it has been basically because of the strength in exchange connections between these two countries that have driven towards the diminishing degree of intermittent political grinding to a significant degree (Roberge and Lee, 2009). China and Taiwan has stayed focussed towards keeping up respective exchange connections, which has proceeded between them since long. The consequence of this exchanging exertion was that both these countries wound up making an exchanging benefit of $102 billion and the records of 2007 in this way anticipated China as the biggest exchanging accomplice of Taiwan (Roberge and Lee, 2009). As an ad lib step, both these countries began making enormous ventures with a point of setting up of new businesses connecting the monetary exchange undertakings of both these countries. The two countries have likewise put forth attempts as far as persuading banks and other venture associations for putting resources into the business sectors of both these countries. Accentuating the possibilities of the exchange connection, during 2009, China and Taiwan tended towards joining of an

Business Continuity Planning Pros and Cons

Business Continuity Planning Pros and Cons Points of interest and Disadvantages of Business Continuity Planning In a Financial Organization under the Incident Command System Abstract This examination paper is essentially centered around featuring the particular upsides and downsides of a business congruity plan that is utilized in a money related association under the episode the board framework. The favorable circumstances related with the utilization of episode order frameworks in a BCP in any money related association are vital including having the option to introduce preventive and restorative estimates that can either diminish halfway or complete effect in instances of interruptions. Anyway still there exist a few cons related with its use for example quick measures of time required for its execution, resource securing and much of the time the size of the association may frustrate the usage of an episode order framework. Presentation A business congruity plan is extremely basic in the assistance of the smooth running of the association or rules that can help recuperate from interruptions thus guaranteeing the arrangement of administrations even in instances of unsettling influences. The procedure centers around appraisal and distinguishing proof of all the potential dangers that may disturb administration conveyance and their latent capacity impacts with the point of making measures to guarantee the strength of the framework. Innovation should empower recuperation of utilizations from interruptions and other basic information through the debacle recuperation plan. An episode order framework is the specialized improvements for a given organization that involves its fundamental usefulness being to alleviate the effects of the unexpected occurrences that can bring about loss of basic information. Business coherence arranging are remedial estimates set up in an association or an organization to administer the day by day and future exercises inside it (Ramakrishnan et al., 2015). These measures are for guaranteeing that there is smooth running of the essential exercises. Inability to set up the arrangement could prompt the organization crumbling, low benefit in the everyday deals or even shut down of the business which is a major misfortune to the business. Business congruity arranging ought to be done to any association that pays attention to its clients or customers. Consistent arranging takes the proprietor of the business miles in front of different contenders inside a similar field (Heng, 2015). Focal points I. During arranging the capability of the business blasting up is set up in addition to the potential shortcomings and difficulties the organization may confront are sketched out and viable arrangement are built up ahead of time. II. The primary bit of leeway that any money related establishment stands to pick up from the utilization of an episode order framework is the capacity to recognize potential dangers and plan ahead of time henceforth staying away from suspension of basic budgetary activities. The dangers may run from characteristic plagues, digital assaults or just PC disappointments because of equipment or programming issues. III. The money related association has expanded capacities to keep up compelling coordination and to keep up the reaction headings. In addition, the association can pick up bits of knowledge on the significance of coordination of assets and the capacity to distinguish the occurrence needs. IV. The money related organization has a decent stage for testing and surveying the most probable danger henceforth taking into account coordination of BCP with outer partners. V. The drawn out utilization of episode order frameworks is a favorable position in itself as it prompts picking up of experience consequently I the since quite a while ago run will prompt higher proficiency in reclamation and quick recuperations. Be that as it may, the full usage turns into an inconvenience as the time has come expending. VI. The monetary se gment of the association on the off chance that it executes the recuperation frameworks well can fill in as an upper hand as it shields against budgetary misfortunes of the association VII. Despite the fact that this is later on specified as a hindrance, it can in any case be a bit of leeway. Occurrence order framework can be utilized to achieve assignments that individuals couldn’t do in a debacle †inclined territories subsequently forestalling installment issue though decreasing the dangers related with miscommunication between the responder. VIII. Grasping the present development processing innovation brings proficient quick and auspicious conveyance of the administration given by the association. This can help in record keeping and screen the business exercises. IX. Business congruity arranging encourages one in denoting the best protection spread that coordinates the rules of business. The spread is of extraordinary assistance in the event of calamities like fire or robberies or whatever other debacle that could strike the association. X. Business congruity arranging encourages one structure best stages for showcasing and marking of the business and products.one is in a situation to build up the powerful and most reasonable method of connecting that is flaw open minded and can guarantee clients of continuous help conveyance. XI. The intended interest group is made. He/she is in a situation to diagram the contact individuals or gathering one is focusing on. This causes one abstain from leaving the set people. Inconveniences Failure to work together congruity arranging one is at a noteworthy danger of possibly: I. The usage procedure is frequently considered as monotonous consequently expecting experts to deal with it. Other than the association needs to utilize qualified faculty to deal with that. No business means to put intensely in planning for obscure dangers as they rather sit tight for it to happen at that point shield (Systems, 2012). II . The way toward utilizing episode order frameworks as a business congruity arranging device is both exorbitant and tedious. This may prompt over venture of assets that could have in any case been committed to different business tasks. III. Business falling or disappointment that is because of poor administration abilities, methods, and assessment procedures. Subsequently, one isn't in a situation to set up the coming risk and winds up lamenting the as of now result. IV. The passing of people could happen after the fire, building falling where the protection covers have been overlooked, have not been actualized by experts or because of absence of sufficient testing of the potential situations. Determinations The execution of a business coherence plan through episode order frameworks has been confronted with various focal points and drawbacks. A portion of the advantages incorporate; reaction, acknowledgment of dangers, serious advantages, coordination instruments, understanding and a brilliant testing stage with the alternative testing and checking on. The principle inconveniences remember the requirement for specific aptitudes for taking care of the recuperation frameworks. Likewise, independent companies can't actualize the framework as this may bring about misfortunes through upkeep cost. In any case, examination of the upsides and downsides recommends that the favorable circumstances exceed the disservices. This shows the significance for every single monetary organization to actualize the occurrence order framework as a feature of the business congruity plan (Drennan, 2014). References Drennan, L., McConnell, An., and Stark, A. (2014). Hazard and emergency the board in the open division . 2 nd ed. Routledge Taylor and Francis Group London and New York. Heng, Goh Moh. (2015) â€Å"Business Continuity Management Planning Methodology†. Universal Journal Of Disaster Recovery And Business Continuity , vol 6, 2015, pp. 9-16. Science And Engineering Resea rch Support Society , doi:10.14257/ijdrbc.2015.6.02. Ramakrishnan, R. K., and Viswanathan, S. (2015). The Importance of Business Strategy in Business Continuity Planning. The Definitive Handbook of Business Continuity Management, 31-35. doi:10.1002/9781119205883.ch3 Systems, S. (2012) The CEO’s Guide to Succession Planning: Managing Risk and Ensuring Business Continuity. SSRN Electronic Journal . http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1633523

How to Write Great Book Titles

How to Write Great Book Titles Titling a book or an article is a tricky thing. There are many considerations. You want it to be catchy but meaningful. You dont want the same title that a thousand others have already used. You want it to convey what the work is about without giving away the ending. You dont want it to be so long that people give up reading it, nor so short that people have no idea what theyre getting. Many writers find choosing a title to be more difficult and frustrating than revisions. While I cant make it any easier for you to choose your ideal title, I can give you some things to consider during the process. Dont over-promise Words like Epic, Fantastic, Revolutionary, Breakthrough, and Incredible are overused and they promise something that your work likely cant deliver. You may have a great story, but its doubtful that its truly epic in scale. Its doubtful that your non-fiction book is truly revolutionary, no matter how much you may think so. Readers dont like to be lied to, so err on the side of under-promising with your title and then delivering a great piece that exceeds their expectations. Let the critics and reviewers label your book as Epic or Revolutionary if its deserving of that honor. Try to keep it short Long titles create a host of issues for readers and catalogers. When readers peruse a crowded shelf, long titles often get overlooked. For a long title to fit on a book jacket, the font often has to be smaller and hard to read. A title with a short word count, though, can be printed much larger and is easier to see. Long titles may be truncated when viewed online or in databases and theyre hard to turn into good urls. Theyre hard to fit on business cards. Long titles are also hard to recommend to friends. Hey, did you read, Fat Loss, is a lot easier to say than, You should check out Get in Shape, Lose Weight, and Lose Fat Through Exercise and Calorie Counting. But dont fear a long title Short may be best, but some books just require a long title. If you choose to go long, make sure you have a good reason for doing so and that youre not just being lazy or uncreative. Research your choices Before you fall in love with a title, check to see how many other books carry the same title. Its not a deal breaker if other books share your title (titles cant be copyrighted, after all), but it becomes more problematic if the book also is in your genre. A how-to book called, Floored! which is about flooring will not likely be confused with a novel called, Floored! thats about a character that receives a big surprise. But you might have a problem if there are two novels titled, Floored! and they are both literary fiction. Consider subtitles Subtitles are used most often in non-fiction. The short, catchy part of the title can be used to lure readers in while the longer subtitle can clarify what the book is actually about. Something like, Loser: How to Lose Weight By Eating Only Mushrooms, is an example. Subtitles also work for fiction to differentiate novels in a series. Consider Harry Potter. Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Readers referred to those books as Harry Potter or, The newest Harry Potter, but the subtitle was there for extra clarification. Get feedback Ask others who have read your work to evaluate your title. They can tell you if it makes sense, matches the work, and is something they would pick up in the store. Look to your text Some of the best titles come from lines in the book itself. Maybe its a snippet of dialog or a sentence fragment. If youre stuck for a title, reread your manuscript and look for anything that might work. Brainstorm If youre having trouble choosing a title, brainstorm. Make lists of words that seem relevant. Try arranging those words in various orders. Look at other titles in your genre and see what works and what doesnt. Write long, ridiculous titles and then try to shorten them. Just write down everything that comes to you and keep massaging it until you hit gold. Know what your writing about This seems obvious, but youd be surprised how many people cant summarize their book in one or two sentences because they really have no idea what they were trying to say. The book is a rambling mess and the title is, too. If youre very clear on what youre writing about, the information youre trying to convey, or the story youre trying to tell, its much easier to create a title. Wait until youre finished A corollary to the above is to wait to choose the title until youre finished writing the book. The books focus or tone might change over time. You dont want to fall in love with a title at the beginning that no longer fits when youre finished. When the book is finished, youll have a much better idea of what you want the title to convey. Avoid cliches and overused titles The Adventures of, Tales of, The Art of, The Joy of, and The Chronicles of, are all examples of overused and cliche titles. Your book may be an adventure or convey the joy of something, but find another title. Dont get weird or cute unless you can do it well Some people make up a word and use it as the title of their book, hoping that the uniqueness will propel them to stardom. They hope that people will run around parroting the title, Gerflunkamuggin, at each other. The problem is, if the title makes no sense or is unpronounceable, readers wont go for it. Similarly, some people try to create a pun or alliterative title that falls flat. Cute can work, but it has to be done well. Go against advice Advice is just advice. There are still cliches that become bestsellers. There are short titles that no one remembers and long ones that people fall in love with. If the book is great and the title in some way conveys that, it might succeed no matter how weird, long, short, or cliched it is. Dont give away the ending You want your readers to buy your book and they wont do that if the title has already told them how it ends or what the big surprise is. Give them an idea of what the book is about with your title, but dont give it all away. Dont fall in love No matter how much work you put into choosing your title, the fact is an editor or publisher may change it for any number of reasons. Be willing to listen to what they say and be open to changing it. Dont cling so stubbornly to a title that you alienate a publisher. Titling a book is never going to be easy, but careful thought and experimentation can yield a good result. Think of it like naming a baby. You want something that fits well with the book, that other people wont make fun of, and which will still sound good and make sense forty years from now. (Photo courtesy of Joshua Kirby)

Jamaicas Murder Rate ( Causes And Effects ) - 1923 Words

Jamaica’s Increase in Murder Rate (Causes and Effects) When most people think of Jamaica they think of Bob Marley the leader of reggae music, activist for peace worldwide, or Usain Bolt, the wonderful beaches along the Caribbean Sea and most importantly the world renown quote, â€Å" Jamaica No Problem Mon†. However there are many problems evident within that island country. The Jamaican people know of what goes on within the island as it has multiple problems. There is one problem that has caught headlines of the most recognized and credited newspapers in Jamaica, The Observer and The Gleaner, â€Å" Jamaica Ranked as 6th in the top ten countries with the highest homicide rate Worldwide†. The UNODC (United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime) lists Jamaica as 6th in the world with the highest homicide rate. This rate has been on the incline for years. The murder rate consistently increases by the largest percentages, and decreases by the smaller percentages over the past few decades. Essentially the murder rate percentages have taken one step forward in the sense of decreasing, and three steps back in the sense of increase in percentages. Along with Jamaica’s increase in the murder rate, it is also ranked 7th in the world by the United Nations for highest national debt rate, which is one of the reasons for the stagnation of progress of Jamaica going from a 2nd world nation to 1st world nation (Badkar, The 15 Countries That Are Buried Under The Most Debt).As well as feuding and civilShow MoreRelatedCaribbean Business Environment3165 Words   |  13 Pagesaffect the operations of a hotel that our company is interested in setting up in Jamaica. To effectively undertake this study, a PEST (Political, Economic, Sociocultural and Technological) analysis was carried out. The PEST Analysis looked at Jamaica’s external business environment and examined the economic environment (including monetary and fiscal policies), social and political considerations, the industrial relations climate, current state of the private sector, technological and other infrastructuralRead MoreThe Crime Of Jamaican Crime1746 Words   |  7 Pagesthey are trying to figure out how to fix it. We all need to worry about what is going on here. Crime in Jamaica is terrible, with all of the drug trafficking to robbery or theft, although it is improving , Jamaica still has one of the highest crime rates in the world, and it doesn’t matter where in Jamaica a person is, crime happens everywhere, it doesn’t help that Jamaica is located in the Caribbean where a lot of the drugs in the cartel is dispersed, as people fight and kill for those horribly addictiveRead More Discontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop5489 Words   |  22 Pagesthrough m usic. Protest music addresses the social, political, and economic conditions of the times and often speaks directly to the listeners experience (King 20). In the following pages, a general comparison will be made between the evolution and effects of the blues, jazz, reggae music, and hip-hop, with a focus on reggae and hip-hop. According to musicologist Rod Gruver, life for the lower-class Negro in America in the early 1900s was completely characterized by a sense of alienation: He hadRead MoreSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pagesliver The liver swells with fatty tissue, cells are destroyed and connective tissue is deposited. * Vitamin B1 is frequently deficient in alcoholics. * Bleeding from the stomach lining may occur. * Alcoholics frequently experience memory loss. The rate of reaction time is slowed down as the brain and nerve impulse transmission is affected. * Kidney increases excretion of water. * Speech becomes slurred. HOW CAN YOU TELL IF SOMEONE IS AN ALCOHOLIC? You may be able to tell if someone is an alcoholic

pH, pKa, Ka, pKb, and Kb Explained

There are related scales in chemistry used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is and the strength of acids and bases. Although the pH scale is most familiar, pKa, Ka, pKb, and Kb are common calculations that offer insight into acid-base reactions. Heres an explanation of the terms and how they differ from each other. What Does the p Mean? Whenever you see a p in front of a value, like pH, pKa, and pKb, it means youre dealing with a -log of the value following the p. For example, pKa is the -log of Ka. Because of the way the log function works, a smaller pKa means a larger Ka. pH is the -log of hydrogen ion concentration, and so on. Formulas and Definitions for pH and Equilibrium Constant pH and pOH are related, just as Ka, pKa, Kb, and pKb are. If you know pH, you can calculate pOH. If you know an equilibrium constant, you can calculate the others. About pH pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, [H], in an aqueous (water) solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A low pH value indicates acidity, a pH7 is neutral, and a high pH value indicates alkalinity. The pH value can tell you whether youre dealing with an acid or a base, but it offers limited value indicating the true strength of the acid of a base. The formula to calculate pH and pOH are: pH - log [H] pOH - log [OH-] At 25 degrees Celsius: pH pOH 14 Understanding Ka and pKa Ka, pKa, Kb, and pKb are more helpful for predicting whether a species will donate or accept protons at a specific pH value. They describe the degree of ionization of an acid or base and are true indicators of acid or base strength because adding water to a solution will not change the equilibrium constant. Ka and pKa relate to acids, while Kb and pKb deal with bases. Like pH and pOH, these values also account for hydrogen ion or proton concentration (for Ka and pKa) or hydroxide ion concentration (for Kb and pKb). Ka and Kb are related to each other through the ion constant for water, Kw: Kw Ka x Kb Ka is the acid dissociation constant. pKa is simply the -log of this constant. Similarly, Kb is the base dissociation constant, while pKb is the -log of the constant. The acid and base dissociation constants are usually expressed in terms of mole per liter (mol/L). Acids and bases dissociate according to general equations: HA H2O ⇆ A-Â   H3OHB H2O ⇆ B OH- In the formulas, A stands for acid and B for base. Ka [H][A-]/ [HA]pKa - log Kaat half the equivalence point, pH pKa -log Ka A large Ka value indicates a strong acid because it means the acid is largely dissociated into its ions. A Large Ka value also means the formation of products in the reaction is favored. A small Ka value means little of the acid dissociates, so you have a weak acid. The Ka value for most weak acids ranges from 10-2 to 10-14. The pKa gives the same information, just in a different way. The smaller the value of pKa, the stronger the acid. Weak acids have a pKa ranging from 2-14. Understanding Kb and pKb Kb is the base dissociation constant. The base dissociation constant is a measure of how completely a base dissociates into its component ions in water. Kb [B][OH-]/[BOH]pKb -log Kb A large Kb value indicates the high level of dissociation of a strong base. A lower pKb value indicates a stronger base. pKa and pKb are related by the simple relation: pKa pKb 14 What Is pI? Another important point is pI. This is the isoelectric point. It is the pH at which a protein (or another molecule) is electrically neutral (has no net electrical charge).

Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Raymond...

Flannery O’Connor and Raymond Carver wrote the short stories, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and â€Å"The Cathedral,† which both showcase personas of conflictedness in two different time frames. Although one can draw many interpretations from these two stories, written in 1953 and 1983, respectively, one might refute many impracticalities associated with the nostalgic state of many of these characters, who possess characteristics that would be considered archaic and imbecilic. Racists and discriminatory viewpoints circumnavigate the minds of several characters, who can’t seem to come to terms with modern ideologues. The prevailing tendencies of these characters could very possibly cause some anguish to the readers, who would struggle to make†¦show more content†¦A car then stops, and three men come out with guns, one of which is believed to be the misfit. The misfit scares the grandmother and urges Bailey’s wife to make the children sit down. The grandmother can only think about herself, and selfishly asks the misfit if he’d ever kill and old lady. She starts to suck up to the misfit by claiming that he’s a good man and comes from good people. A â€Å"good man,† by her definition, is one whose values align with her own. He’s apparently good, because by her reasoning, he wouldn’t shoot a lady. The misfit begins to praise his parents and when she questions whether he prays, two gunshots cease the life of her husband and John Wesley. The grandmother doesn’t seem too concerned about the gunshots and urges the misfit to pray. Throughout the conversation, as the Misfit reflects on his life, he explains how he went to jail for killing his father. The grandmother wants him to pray, but the Misfit believes he’s fine without prayer. The misfit’s co-conspirators eventually kill off everyone except the grandmother. What the grandmother fails to realize, is that this whol e situation could’ve been avoided if she didn’t ignorantly point out the misfit originally. The misfit expresses his doubts of Jesus and he quickly becomes angry. The misfit claims that life has no pleasure, the grandmother reaches out to him and claims he’s one of her children. The misfit then shoots the

Complexity in Neurological Rehabilitation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Complexity in Neurological Rehabilitation. Answer: Introduction: Lyons stated that there are various factors, which act as the barrier to the student in the Aboriginal areas, and it requires improvement in order to gain a good image. The barriers are often due to the lack of the teaching materials that might have an inappropriate context. There is specifically no greater educational recruitment system that needs to have a strategy that is based on what is taught by the teachers. There are different environmental barriers that the indigenous youths came across. This includes the support and their relationships along with the services, their attitudes, systems and the policies (Forth, Bergstrm Clark, 2015). When these environmental factors will be overcome then the youth could easily move into enlightenment. There are major shortcomings that need to be elaborated that includes the formal school teachings that reflects on the realities of the traditional educational system. The national curricular ignores the indigenous people that might have a language, textbooks and other materials that may be of educational use that reflects on the traditional, norms of the mainstream society (Forth, Bergstrm Clark, 2015). Often the society tends to ignore their traditional skills and knowledge that can be devaluated and have a skill. (Forth, Bergstrm Clark, 2015) depicts that the schools and the daily schedules do not include the considerations of the livelihood of the indigenous people for example the nomadism and the pastoralism. The parents of the youth are suffering from poverty so they cannot afford good health services and hence they are somewhat poor in their health than their other peers. Often the loss of hearing is one of the major factors that have a relevant effect on their learning. The lack of infrastructure will reflect that the community people are not aware of the different accommodations that need to be maintained by the teachers and their classrooms. There is a poor quality of educational system mostly in the areas of the teaching that needs to be further developed in the professional fields of the Aboriginal area system of the education. Professional development is required as more than a half percentage of the students are aboriginals and has no professional development in their school system in their last three years. Only a percentage of the 23.9% has a training of more than one day (Raman et al., 2017). The teenagers are at the primary stage in their attendance of the schools as they were taught this very badly. There is an immense lack of the disengaged teachers who are considered relatable to the community users, as they has to be strong in building the rapport. There is often lack of the full time users as well who are skillful in the subjects of mathematics and English. The remote regions need to suffer from the different shortage of the teachers that will eventually become worse when the old teachers retire. Carter Lubinsky, furthermore portrays that the wider participation of the indigenous people will help in the management and the governance of the success rate. There is a need for enhancing Aboriginal and the Torres Strait Islanders into one under represented group. The different focuses needs to be made on the enrolment of the different secondary and the tertiary education system. There is a need to compare that indigenous with the non indigenous population. The statistical data of the indigenous students will help in the performance of their higher education that will resolve their issue and make it accessible without creating an effective support that cannot be termed as an opportunity (Cullen Gilbert, 2013). The ICEA was established in 2007 and with the purpose to improve the different educational opportunities that has their outcomes in their remote communities (Cullen Gilbert, 2013). There is a need to mention the remote communities and their connections. ICEA has been eventually granted by the permission of the Bardi Jawi of the PBC (Prescribed Body Corporate) that has its eldership to continue in the initiatives of the schools and the cultural work. The Yarn and the remote communities of the ICEA foundation will help the indigenous youth to facilitate through the different primary initiatives (Cullen Gilbert, 2013). The ICEA remote communities are based on the different programs that help them to focus on the young people empowerment through their development and the education programs (Dobkin, 2016). The ICEA remote community is considered to work in four main ways in order to make them empower through the education, the youth leadership development and the different capacity of building the genuine relationships. They have been provided with different tangible benefits that need to have specific leaders so that the students may achieve the target attendance throughout their term. Often the awards recognize their efforts that have different items of the books and the sporting equipment of the stationery and the toys. The ICEA assists of the different young indigenous rangers from the various parts of the Kimberley area to the development of their own leadership skills that has the ICEA as their volunteer of the training and their Yarn activities that is relevant in Perth (Frontera,Silver Rizzo, 2014). The Yarn activity is regarded as the vital step that needs to be moved forward in the reconciliation. This approach can ensure that all the Australians should have a shared vision of their history that needs to be made on the people of their first choice in case of the different surviving culture. The yarn is a program of the youth that has facilitated on the understanding of the different shared cultural identity and its reconciliation (Hall et al. 2016). The exact word to emphasis is that it is a safe space that has various courageous conversations about the different racism, reconciliation and their race. The Yarn can easily be eliminated through the challenges and their ignorance of some of the different inherited attitudes that also has the biasness to prevent the reconciliation from moving forward. The yarn is the one who makes communities and different schools that are more inclusive of the ways that needs to be built up for the the different Aboriginals cultures (Herdman Clen daniel,2014). The people need to foster on the different young leaders who are considered to be culturally responsive. There is an immense need to close the gap in Australia. These are considered the major bariors to the reconciliation in Australia. The Yarns are considered itself more productive and interactive in the different self reflective activities that have their designs discussed as well. The discussion allows the participants to think in a rational way and allow the different participants to think in a critical and open way in the history of Australia (Janssen et al., 2014). In a number of weeks, the participants are somewhat engaging to the different challenges that they will face eventually. The participants can easily engage themselves in the controversial and the challenging perspectives of the conversations. That requires having a nation of their own and forming different views of the issues that will be eventually faced on the part of the reconciliation. There are different barriers that need to be participated in the part of the education that has an indigenous youth that needs to be understood in the part of the occupational alienation and deprivation. The barriers include the environmental mainly that are faced by the youth in their completion of the tertiary and secondary education. To be more specific those include the support and the relationships, attitudes, services, policies and the systems (Kaambwa et al., 2017). Support is such a verb that is not received by the indigenous youth and they crave for it. There is a need to crave for the support as they go through many discrimination factors. The school attendance and the literacy rates need to be hiked so that the youth get to learn and improve their knowledge sets. The education system is between the mainstream population and the indigenous people that have remained in a critical state and eventually enrolls on the retention that has a great performance. Some even have not completed the primary school level (O'Sullivan, Schmitz Fulk, 2013). The indigenous people needs to have an acute marginalization in the education system that needs to be closely connected to the different interlining factors such as the poverty, language, ethnicity and the different gender based discrimination. There various strategies or policies of the indigenous people that brings about the different International Labor organization (ILO) and their responses to the UN bodies about the policies that show their minimal standard of living. There are various permanent forums that need to be made on the FAO policy of the tribal people that has the IFAD engagement in the indigenous people (O'Sullivan, Schmitz Fulk, 2013). The ICF emphasizes on the vision and the mission of the different clients that work for each other and make the clients and their communities grow stronger. The ICF model has been examined and it has been supported that will eventually examine the young children to go through different points of view. The contribution to the different stakeholders like the directors, teachers, the social workers, the therapists will eventually make them to determine the responsibilities and the educational measures. The core vision and the mission of the work are to make the communities of the different countries and make them their passion for a better-improved positive impact. The philosophy and the core values of the ICF is to make their life simple and hire some of the best people that needs to have a standard of integrity as well as ethics and quality. Their mission in helping the indigenous people is to maximize their mission so that they can maximize their beneficial impact for the governments, their people and the relevant areas that matters. The vision is to ensure that the different people along with their clients and shareholders that needs to be defined and achieved in order to become successful in their world. In order to achieve success there is a need for rapid changes in the world without the boundaries. Their core values somewhat is equivalent to that of the Australian ones that needs to maintain their standards in ethics, integrity and quality. A critical analysis has been made on the ICEA program and an analysis has been made on the certain Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. This analysis has been made primarily based on the Community based rehabilitation and the different community development programs. The analysis is as follows: ICEA Foundation has a great reputation in the market place as it has an organization's programs to promote the learning and social development of work with individuals and groups in their communities using a range of formal and informal methods (Singh et al., 2014). A common defining feature is that programs and activities are developed in collaboration with communities and participants. ICEA Foundations are an expertise at partner level in HRM consultancy. The foundation has a shortage of consultants at an operating level rather than the partner level. It is unable to deal with multidisciplinary assignments because of the size or lack of ability (Troigros et al., 2014). The opportunities here are a well established position with a well-defined market opportunity. It has an identified market for consultancy in areas other than the HRM. The foundation has large consultancies operating at a minor level which should not be happening as a minor is not eligible to do all these work. There are other small consultancies looking to invade the marketplace (Walther et al., 2017). Huge competition between different organizations and sectors prevails in the market to gain a position. National trend towards de-funding remedial education needs to be set in. They do that through a set of values that guides everything: They see through the eyes of the customer to find the solutions for the challenges of life. The People are important to them as happy employees make happy customer. They deliver what they promise to the customers (Winstein et al., 2016). They champion integrity as it guides and informs everything they do. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Reputation in marketplace Shortage of consultants at operating level rather than partner level Well established position with a well-defined market opportunity Large consultancies operating at a minor level Expertise at partner level in HRM consultancy Unable to deal with multidisciplinary assignments because of size or lack of ability Identified market for consultancy in areas other than HRM Other small consultancies looking to invade the marketplace Table 1: SWOT Analysis of ICEA program (Source: Created by Author) In order to establish the different principles there is a need for contractions and consistency that is not much easy to be done. The five different ideas include social justice, integration, solidarity, dignity and equality. There is a need for equal entitlement to the people and share the same rights and their responsibilities. People have different ability and there is a need to develop those in an equal and proper way. One of the major aims concerning the disabled people is to make stress on the different competence and the ability of the people, so that they can improve it. There is a need to overcome on the different arbitrary concepts and their prejudices that is based on their reinforce ion. There is a need to imply the different opportunities and the services that is required for the improvement of the small groups in the indigenous groups. Ultimately, the goal is to make proper schooling, training and provide an individualized care to those who are suffering especially the youth in this case. There is a need to show solidarity only to those who are completely dependent and requires help and the indigenous youth are one of them. The main aim of the solidarity is to put in required efforts and purpose that will eventually help in making it a privilege for some charity work. One of our main principles in the society is to make one survive in all of the circumstances. The main stream of all the members of the community is to join the community life. A co relation must be provided between the different policy that is based on the attitudes, the segregated services that has different favors that needs to be provided to the non disabled. The integration of the different disabilities has been seen from all the basic aspects of their life. A long term perspective is required in order to achieve the friendship with others and then this will become attainable to the human dignity. The final principle is the dignity that is for the indigenous people. The dignity becomes positive when it is recognized by all the humans and has equal rights and worth. There is a need to share the self actualization and the different opportunities. At ICEA Lion, the overarching vision is to be the leading Australian provider of Insurance and Financial Services, and our mission to protect and create your wealth. According to Reconciliation Australia, the majority of young Australians (81%) have a strong desire to advance reconciliation, but less than half know how to go about it (Bainbridge et al. 2014). The philosophy is that everyone undergoes his or her own reconciliation-learning journey.Our actions are driven by the belief that we can support this journey through: Facilitating positive experiences Building strong, genuine relationships Fostering greater cross-cultural understanding Marketers employ a variety of techniques to conduct market research, but some of the more common include: Qualitative marketing research such as focus groups Quantitative marketing research such as statistical surveys Experimental techniques such as test markets Observational techniques such as ethnographic (on-site) observation Marketing managers may also design and oversee various environmental scanning and competitive intelligence processes that will help to identify the trends and make them inform the company's marketing analysis. References Carter, R., Lubinsky, J. (2015).Rehabilitation Research-E-Book: Principles and Applications. Elsevier Health Sciences. Cuccurullo, S. J. (2014).Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review. Demos Medical Publishing. Cullen, F. T., Gilbert, K. E. (2013).Reaffirming rehabilitation. Routledge. Forth, A. E., Bergstrm, H., Clark, H. J. (2015). Psychopathic Traits in Adolescence.The Clinical and Forensic Assessment of Psychopathy: A Practitioner's Guide, 115. Frontera, W. R., Silver, J. K., Rizzo, T. D. (2014).Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hall, A. M., Ferreira, P. H., Maher, C. G., Latimer, J., Ferreira, M. L. (2016). The influence of the therapist-patient relationship on treatment outcome in physical rehabilitation: a systematic review.Physical therapy,90(8), 1099-1110. Herdman, S. J., Clendaniel, R. (2014).Vestibular rehabilitation. FA Davis. Janssen, H., Ada, L., Bernhardt, J., McElduff, P., Pollack, M., Nilsson, M., Spratt, N. (2014). Physical, cognitive and social activity levels of stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation within a mixed rehabilitation unit.Clinical rehabilitation,28(1), 91-101. Kaambwa, B., Ratcliffe, J., Killington, M., Liu, E., Cameron, I., Kurrle, S., ... Crotty, M. (2017). IS HIP FRACTURE REHABILITATION FOR NURSING HOME RESIDENTS COST-EFFECTIVE? RESULTS FROM AN RCT: EFFECTS OF A HOME-BASED REHABILITATION PROGRAM ON HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE.Innovation in Aging,1(suppl_1), 946-946. Kairy, D., Poissant, L., Rushton, P., Messier, F., Vincent, C., Zidarov, D., ... Lavoie, V. (2017, June). Telerehabilitation implementation and routine clinical use: Preliminary findings from a case study across three rehabilitation centers. InVirtual Rehabilitation (ICVR), 2017 International Conference on(pp. 1-2). IEEE. Lyons, K. J., Ezekowitz, J. A., Liu, W., McAlister, F. A., Kaul, P. (2014). Mortality outcomes among status Aboriginals and whites with heart failure.Canadian Journal of Cardiology,30(6), 619-626. O'Sullivan, S. B., Schmitz, T. J., Fulk, G. (2013).Physical rehabilitation. FA Davis. Raman, S., Ruston, S., Irwin, S., Tran, P., Hotton, P., Thorne, S. (2017). Taking culture seriously: Can we improve the developmental health and well?being of Australian Aboriginal children in out?of?home care?.Child: Care, Health and Development. Troigros, O., Bjot, Y., Rodriguez, P. M., Shoaib, F., Ellis, H., Wade, D. (2014). Measuring complexity in neurological rehabilitation: the Oxford Case Complexity Assessment Measure (OCCAM).Clinical rehabilitation,28(5), 499-507. Walther, A. L., Schreiber, D., Falk, J., Deck, R. (2017). Subjective Level of Information and Information Needs of Patients with an Approved Rehabilitation Application and Patients at the End of Rehabilitation Results of a Written Survey.Die Rehabilitation. Bainbridge, R., Tsey, K., McCalman, J., Towle, S. (2014). The quantity, quality and characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian mentoring literature: a systematic review.BMC Public Health,14(1), 1263.

Willa Cather a Lost Lady Essay Example

Willa Cather a Lost Lady Paper In Willa Cathers A Lost Lady, we are confronted with many examples of love and personal growth, two themes that Cather seamlessly intertwines by utilizing her technique of elucidation of complex emotion through use of nature and landscape throughout the novel. In this essay, I argue that Cather defines love and personal growth of Marian Forrester through three distinct scenes: the drunken long distance call between Mrs. Forrester and Ellinger after she learns of his elopement, the story of how Mr. nd Mrs. Forrester met and fell in love (told at the boys dinner party after the death of Captain Forrester), and the scene where Neil discovers that Mrs. Forrester found a happily ever after, after all. I chose these specific scenes because they explicate Mrs. Forresters romantic ideals of love and her personal growth as she struggles in vain to find the life shes looking for, that is, a life of both wealth and true love. Though some may view Marian Forresters long-standing affair with the masculine Frank Ellinger as a fatal character flaw, I contend that its existence and its abrupt demise via long distance telephone call illustrate a vital stepping stone along her journey of personal growth, and give us an important piece of the puzzle that is her evolving ideal of love. As soon as Marian Forrester storms into Neils house in the middle of the night, we learn that she has braved the rain, mud, and (especially), the ford crossing that was â€Å"up to a horses belly† with flood water (Cather 123). We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In her drunken state, nothing will distract her from her present mission, which is, to give Frank Ellinger the telling off hell never forget for betraying her trust. Presumably, she had meant to marry Ellinger herself, after the death of Captain Forrester, but Ellinger had been forced to choose otherwise when a mysterious feminine illness – that is, pregnancy – happened to befall the very lady whom Mrs. Forrester had been the source of introduction. We learn of this only through Mrs. Forresters end of the conversation, where she remarks, â€Å"Where shall you go on your honeymoon? Oh, Im very sorry! So soon you must take good care of her† (Cather 127). Of course, Ellinger may also be referring to an illness, as some excuse not to come see Mrs. Forrester. Either way, it becomes clear that Ellinger is forgetting the promises he made to Mrs. Forrester, and making his final attempts to be rid of her forever. It is the beginning of night at this part of the story, and ne may also conclude that this is the beginning of a sort of â€Å"night† in Marian Forresters life as well. It is following this point that Mrs. Forrester begins to sink into a deep depression, and allows herself to fall from the high esteem in which everyone in the community has held her. But there is also a glimpse into the personal growth that will occur from that point on, for this was not the first time that Marian Forresters ideal of love had gone terribly awry. Following the death of Captain Forrester, Marian slowly gains back a bit of her determination; indeed, she is determined to no longer let love stand in the way of the life she seeks – that is, a life of wealth and consequence. Twice before, her ideals of love had not turned out the way shed hoped. After her husbands death, we finally catch a glimpse into how it came to be that Mrs. Forrester was married to a man so much older than she. After being taken to the mountains to avoid publicity over her fiances murder, she fell almost to her death during a hiking trip. All night in the bitter cold, she laid there. But then, Captain Forresters party came to her rescue. It did not escape her that â€Å"she suffered less when Captain Forrester carried her, and that he took on all the most dangerous places on the trail himself† (Cather 158). In his arms, she felt secure, saying to those listening that â€Å"I knew that if we fell, wed go together; he would never drop me . . . when he asked me to marry him, he didnt have to ask twice† (Cather 158-159). She thought that he would never drop her, never let her down in life. That is why she consented to marry him. At nineteen, she was not in a position to understand what she was getting herself into. But as we meet with her in the novel, we see that she is starved for something that she had likely never known shed have to leave behind when she said yes to Captain Forrester at the sprightly age of nineteen: companionship with those on the same social level. Captain Forrester did indeed let her down, by isolating her from her natural habitat of socialization, like an exotic tropical bird locked away in a cage in distant northern mountains. After telling her story, Marian â€Å"drew her finger-tips absently across her forehead, as if to brush away something, – the past, or the present, who could tell? † Marian was brushing away those foolish ideals of romance and the heroic triumph of true love. She was embracing her own power and independence, to effect change in her own life, without waiting for change to present itself. Marian was preparing herself to shed her former romantic self, to do what she had to do to get what she wanted, indeed, what she had been starved of so long through her own foolish pursuit of love. Indirectly, we discover the result of Marians struggle to redefine herself. â€Å"Oh yes,† we learn, â€Å"she was married again, – to a cranky old Englishman; Henry Collins was his name† (Cather 165). Marian has found once more her natural place in society, she is discovered at a banquet, in a big hotel, â€Å"all done up in furs, with a scarf over her head† (Cather 164). Her husband, we learn, cannot really truly love her, and nor can she truly love him. However, she has found at last the sort of life she was looking for, if only by shedding her true identity. She was a good deal made up, of course, like most of the women down there; plenty of powder, and a little red, too, I guess. Her hair was black, blacker than I remembered it; looked as if she dyed it† (Cather 165). Like most of the women of her age, and certainly, of her era, she had to cover up her true self in order to exert her power and independence in the pursuit of happiness. Indeed, he r remarkable comeback stuns Ed Elliot, who states that â€Å"It was remarkable, how shed come up again. She seemed pretty well gone to pieces before she left Sweet Water† (Cather 165). Of course, any one who truly paid attention to Mrs. Forrester throughout her journey could never have been truly surprised at her outcome. Mrs. Forrester, though sometimes allowing herself to be carried away with the strong emotions she faced, always maintained willful independence and control over the opinions others may have of her. She had faced her night, with the death of her husband (who she once, I believe, truly did love dearly), and with the marriage of Ellinger, whom she never loved truly, only believed she did. She makes peace with both, by forgetting the latter entirely, and by paying her respects to the former, â€Å"wherever she was, she always sent a cheque to the Grand Army Post every year to have flowers put on Captain Forresters grave for Decoration Day† (Cather 166). She understands the role they played in the development of her character, and especially, her own understanding of the extent of her resolve. While her new husband Collins seems deliberately misplaced, (an Englishman whom she met in America before moving to South America), Marian is quite at home. She has finally found her place in life, by conquering her foolish ideals of romanticism in exchange for something she loves still more – comfort and consequence. In the end, Marian makes peace that she is not destined to have both true love and a comfortable life of wealth, and is contented with the fact that she must choose. We follow her through three distinct life stages. At first, she is an idealistic young woman, who believes that she is attaining love and comfort in her choice of Captain Forrester. As her comforts slowly wear away to nothing, and her romance along with it, she discovers that she made the wrong choice in Captain Forrester. Her passionate mid-life encounter with Ellinger finalizes the blow that she received from Captain Forrester, and that is that love can be fickle and decietful, and cannot be trusted with something as important as the rest of ones life, sending her into a proverbial â€Å"night,† where she is clouded by darkness and feels miserable. At the end of her life, she learns to trust in something far more substantial – herself. She gives up her pursuit of love, and instead pursues only comfort in life. She finds what she is looking for, and with that, she is contented. Only with distant nostalgia does she look upon her life in Sweet Water, because she knows that it was a life as unsustainable as it was unsupportable. Just as Sweet Water is cleared away to make room for industrialization, Marian clears the ideals of romantic love from her existence. Though she learns to live practically, and to find happiness in her life without love, she never forgets the life she led before, and the love she knew. Through the encounter with Ed Elliot, where she states â€Å"if you ever meet Neil Herbert, give him my love, and tell him I often think of him,† and by her respect toward her husband, through the decoration of his grave, she reveals that she looks upon her life of love without regret (Cather 165). Through her personal growth, we find that Marians ideals of love must evolve over her life based on the circumstances with which she is faced, and we come to understand her as an individual with both the power to change her own circumstances and the ability to love deeply, whether or not she chooses to pursue that love. Willa Cather a Lost Lady Essay Example Willa Cather a Lost Lady Paper In Willa Cathers A Lost Lady, we are confronted with many examples of love and personal growth, two themes that Cather seamlessly intertwines by utilizing her technique of elucidation of complex emotion through use of nature and landscape throughout the novel. In this essay, I argue that Cather defines love and personal growth of Marian Forrester through three distinct scenes: the drunken long distance call between Mrs. Forrester and Ellinger after she learns of his elopement, the story of how Mr. nd Mrs. Forrester met and fell in love (told at the boys dinner party after the death of Captain Forrester), and the scene where Neil discovers that Mrs. Forrester found a happily ever after, after all. I chose these specific scenes because they explicate Mrs. Forresters romantic ideals of love and her personal growth as she struggles in vain to find the life shes looking for, that is, a life of both wealth and true love. Though some may view Marian Forresters long-standing affair with the masculine Frank Ellinger as a fatal character flaw, I contend that its existence and its abrupt demise via long distance telephone call illustrate a vital stepping stone along her journey of personal growth, and give us an important piece of the puzzle that is her evolving ideal of love. As soon as Marian Forrester storms into Neils house in the middle of the night, we learn that she has braved the rain, mud, and (especially), the ford crossing that was â€Å"up to a horses belly† with flood water (Cather 123). We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In her drunken state, nothing will distract her from her present mission, which is, to give Frank Ellinger the telling off hell never forget for betraying her trust. Presumably, she had meant to marry Ellinger herself, after the death of Captain Forrester, but Ellinger had been forced to choose otherwise when a mysterious feminine illness – that is, pregnancy – happened to befall the very lady whom Mrs. Forrester had been the source of introduction. We learn of this only through Mrs. Forresters end of the conversation, where she remarks, â€Å"Where shall you go on your honeymoon? Oh, Im very sorry! So soon you must take good care of her† (Cather 127). Of course, Ellinger may also be referring to an illness, as some excuse not to come see Mrs. Forrester. Either way, it becomes clear that Ellinger is forgetting the promises he made to Mrs. Forrester, and making his final attempts to be rid of her forever. It is the beginning of night at this part of the story, and ne may also conclude that this is the beginning of a sort of â€Å"night† in Marian Forresters life as well. It is following this point that Mrs. Forrester begins to sink into a deep depression, and allows herself to fall from the high esteem in which everyone in the community has held her. But there is also a glimpse into the personal growth that will occur from that point on, for this was not the first time that Marian Forresters ideal of love had gone terribly awry. Following the death of Captain Forrester, Marian slowly gains back a bit of her determination; indeed, she is determined to no longer let love stand in the way of the life she seeks – that is, a life of wealth and consequence. Twice before, her ideals of love had not turned out the way shed hoped. After her husbands death, we finally catch a glimpse into how it came to be that Mrs. Forrester was married to a man so much older than she. After being taken to the mountains to avoid publicity over her fiances murder, she fell almost to her death during a hiking trip. All night in the bitter cold, she laid there. But then, Captain Forresters party came to her rescue. It did not escape her that â€Å"she suffered less when Captain Forrester carried her, and that he took on all the most dangerous places on the trail himself† (Cather 158). In his arms, she felt secure, saying to those listening that â€Å"I knew that if we fell, wed go together; he would never drop me . . . when he asked me to marry him, he didnt have to ask twice† (Cather 158-159). She thought that he would never drop her, never let her down in life. That is why she consented to marry him. At nineteen, she was not in a position to understand what she was getting herself into. But as we meet with her in the novel, we see that she is starved for something that she had likely never known shed have to leave behind when she said yes to Captain Forrester at the sprightly age of nineteen: companionship with those on the same social level. Captain Forrester did indeed let her down, by isolating her from her natural habitat of socialization, like an exotic tropical bird locked away in a cage in distant northern mountains. After telling her story, Marian â€Å"drew her finger-tips absently across her forehead, as if to brush away something, – the past, or the present, who could tell? † Marian was brushing away those foolish ideals of romance and the heroic triumph of true love. She was embracing her own power and independence, to effect change in her own life, without waiting for change to present itself. Marian was preparing herself to shed her former romantic self, to do what she had to do to get what she wanted, indeed, what she had been starved of so long through her own foolish pursuit of love. Indirectly, we discover the result of Marians struggle to redefine herself. â€Å"Oh yes,† we learn, â€Å"she was married again, – to a cranky old Englishman; Henry Collins was his name† (Cather 165). Marian has found once more her natural place in society, she is discovered at a banquet, in a big hotel, â€Å"all done up in furs, with a scarf over her head† (Cather 164). Her husband, we learn, cannot really truly love her, and nor can she truly love him. However, she has found at last the sort of life she was looking for, if only by shedding her true identity. She was a good deal made up, of course, like most of the women down there; plenty of powder, and a little red, too, I guess. Her hair was black, blacker than I remembered it; looked as if she dyed it† (Cather 165). Like most of the women of her age, and certainly, of her era, she had to cover up her true self in order to exert her power and independence in the pursuit of happiness. Indeed, he r remarkable comeback stuns Ed Elliot, who states that â€Å"It was remarkable, how shed come up again. She seemed pretty well gone to pieces before she left Sweet Water† (Cather 165). Of course, any one who truly paid attention to Mrs. Forrester throughout her journey could never have been truly surprised at her outcome. Mrs. Forrester, though sometimes allowing herself to be carried away with the strong emotions she faced, always maintained willful independence and control over the opinions others may have of her. She had faced her night, with the death of her husband (who she once, I believe, truly did love dearly), and with the marriage of Ellinger, whom she never loved truly, only believed she did. She makes peace with both, by forgetting the latter entirely, and by paying her respects to the former, â€Å"wherever she was, she always sent a cheque to the Grand Army Post every year to have flowers put on Captain Forresters grave for Decoration Day† (Cather 166). She understands the role they played in the development of her character, and especially, her own understanding of the extent of her resolve. While her new husband Collins seems deliberately misplaced, (an Englishman whom she met in America before moving to South America), Marian is quite at home. She has finally found her place in life, by conquering her foolish ideals of romanticism in exchange for something she loves still more – comfort and consequence. In the end, Marian makes peace that she is not destined to have both true love and a comfortable life of wealth, and is contented with the fact that she must choose. We follow her through three distinct life stages. At first, she is an idealistic young woman, who believes that she is attaining love and comfort in her choice of Captain Forrester. As her comforts slowly wear away to nothing, and her romance along with it, she discovers that she made the wrong choice in Captain Forrester. Her passionate mid-life encounter with Ellinger finalizes the blow that she received from Captain Forrester, and that is that love can be fickle and decietful, and cannot be trusted with something as important as the rest of ones life, sending her into a proverbial â€Å"night,† where she is clouded by darkness and feels miserable. At the end of her life, she learns to trust in something far more substantial – herself. She gives up her pursuit of love, and instead pursues only comfort in life. She finds what she is looking for, and with that, she is contented. Only with distant nostalgia does she look upon her life in Sweet Water, because she knows that it was a life as unsustainable as it was unsupportable. Just as Sweet Water is cleared away to make room for industrialization, Marian clears the ideals of romantic love from her existence. Though she learns to live practically, and to find happiness in her life without love, she never forgets the life she led before, and the love she knew. Through the encounter with Ed Elliot, where she states â€Å"if you ever meet Neil Herbert, give him my love, and tell him I often think of him,† and by her respect toward her husband, through the decoration of his grave, she reveals that she looks upon her life of love without regret (Cather 165). Through her personal growth, we find that Marians ideals of love must evolve over her life based on the circumstances with which she is faced, and we come to understand her as an individual with both the power to change her own circumstances and the ability to love deeply, whether or not she chooses to pursue that love.

Arrhenius Acid Definition and Examples

Arrhenius Acid Definition and Examples An Arrhenius acid is a substance that dissociates in  water to form hydrogen ions or protons. In other words, it increases the number of H ions in the water. In contrast, an Arrhenius base dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions, OH-. The H ion is also associated with the water molecule in the form of a hydronium ion, H3O and follows the reaction: acid H2O → H3O conjugate base What this means is that, in practice, there arent free hydrogen cations floating around in aqueous solution. Rather, the extra hydrogen forms hydronium ions. In more discussions, the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydronium ions are considered interchangeable, but its more accurate to describe hydronium ion formation. According to the Arrhenius description of acids and bases, the water molecule consists of a proton and a hydroxide ion. The acid-base reaction is considered a type of neutralization reaction where the acid and base react to yield water and a salt. Acidity and alkalinity describe the concentration of hydrogen ions (acidity) and hydroxide ions (alkalinity). Examples of Arrhenius Acids A good example of an Arrhenius acid is hydrochloric acid, HCl. It dissolves in water to form the hydrogen ion and chlorine ion: HCl → H (aq) Cl- (aq) Its considered an Arrhenius acid because the dissociation increases the number of hydrogen ions in the aqueous solution. Other examples of Arrhenius acids include sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrobromic acid (HBr),  and nitric acid (HNO3). Examples of Arrhenius bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).

Graphics and Illustrations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Graphics and Illustrations - Essay Example Below, two graphic designers are discussed and both of them belong to totally different times. The first graphic designer discussed is Robert Brownjohn. He was one of the famous graphic designers in 1950's and 1960's. He designed the title of James Bond movies and did a lot of other remarkable work. The second graphic designer discussed is David Carson. He is one of the most famous graphic designers of today's world. He worked with the famous brands of today's world. The brands he worked with include Pepsi Cola, Nike, Armani etc. The similarity between the both designers is that they both experimented with the typography and both of them are considered to be the first one in this regard. Graphic designer is a person who is expert in graphic designing and art. His job is to work in graphics professionally and give illustrations to his customers according to their need. They deal with the images, typography and videos. They put them together and create a piece of graphics or illustrations. Their job is to develop graphics and illustrations for advertising purpose mostly. Their work is published and printed in newspapers and magazines and also is displayed on the electronic media. People expect the work of graphic designer to be perfect and aesthetic. The aesthetic sense of the designer plays an important role in this process. People pay him for not only his skills but his aesthetic sense. With the rise of twentieth century, world saw the rise of graphi... So it could be said that print media played and important role in developing the graphics and illustrations. The electronic media played very important role in development of graphics and illustrations. Televisions and cinema gave a bigger platform to the advancement of graphics and illustrations. And then comes the computer graphics and internet. It could be said that internet provided a bigger canvas to the designers. They can improve their work and can also share it with other designers. This helps them in improving and polishing their talents. Graphics designers can display their work all over the world through internet. And it is a great development for them. While taking a look at the history of the graphics and illustrations, it becomes clear that the start of graphics took place in 1820 with the industrial revolution. Though at that time, they were called the pattern makers. In US, it starts in 1920, when consumer society emerged. Different commercial artists, advertisers and illustrators came up with their ideas and started graphics and illustrations as their profession and sooner it became an important industry. Robert Brownjohn Robert Brownjohn was a famous graphic designer of his time. He was born in 1925 and died in 1970. Most of his work is in typography and graphics. He was an initiator of computer graphics in New York during 1950's and in London during 1960's. So his contribution to computer graphics cannot be ignored. His work includes the designing of the title of James Bond's movies. He developed the graphics of Robert Fraser Gallery. Another work that increased his fame was the artwork that he designed for Rolling Stone musical group. He got a great affection with music and it is obvious

Review of the imperial peace democracy, force and globalization Essay

Review of the imperial peace democracy, force and globalization - Essay Example In 1980s the focus was really placed on the state resulting in â€Å"a rigid boundary between the pacific nature of inter-liberal state relations and the warlike nature of liberal–non-liberal state relations.† (MacMillan, 1993) The view on this problem changed when more researchers started to relate it with the process of globalization. Statistical world of internal state politics was substituted by concepts in motion which highlight the dynamic nature of the relations between democracy and war. From the globalization perspective the international system is viewed as a whole divided into discrete zones with different logics of interstate relations. As the meanings of ‘democracy’ and ‘war’ cannot be really fixed, the belief that ‘democratic’ states do not start a war with one another is inadequate since the states and their political systems are subject to changes. The notions of democracy and war differ across the time and location. The relation between them is determined by historical location and social contexts in which they are embedded. As these notions are analyzed in the context of relations between sovereign territorial states in an anarchic international system, democracy and war defined in a historical and state-centric manner and globalization factor are little considered which is a serious oversight since the processes of social change related to the changing nature of democracy and war are global processes. In the majority of studies war and peace as the central problem of international relations are separated from globalization. However, the historical evolution of democracy and war is a part of broader patterns of global social change which impacts directly on the nature and meaning of democracy and war and conditions of use of the force by the states. As Barkawi & Laffey (1999) frame it â€Å"states and peoples fashion democratic claims and

History of the Catholic Church on the death penalty and how it has changed over time Essay Example for Free

History of the Catholic Church on the death penalty and how it has changed over time Essay Whereas the ancient Catholic Church did not have much of a problem with capital punishment, the modern Catholic Church stands resolutely against capital punishment. The stand of the Catholic Church concerning death penalty gives a clear illustration of centuries of tension in addition to uncertainties. However, the Catholic Church with its stern stand has been able to manage all the tensions that emanate from this serious issue. The role of the Catholic Church in the debate concerning death penalty has got a rich history. This paper through qualitative analysis of legitimate websites and published work is going to look at the history of the Catholic Church on the death penalty as well as how it has changed over time. Introduction There are various ways that have been employed by human beings to get rid of evil doers since the inception of the world. The techniques chosen by people to punish perpetrators of violence present the society with great challenges. Death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, is one of the ways through which evil doers can be punished. Implementation of death penalty has, however, been a controversial issue that has been debated for years without coming to a rational conclusion. The issue of death penalty has been debated for years by the public, religious organizations and professionals without coming to an agreement. The Catholic Church, for example, is one of the religious organizations that have for decades been in the front line in the fight against death penalty. The Catholic Church argues that instead of imposing death penalty, more lenient forms of punishment should be employed (Megivern p, 391). The principle objective of the Catholic Church, as far as death penalty is concerned, is to break the cycle of violence, get rid of the culture of death, and seek justice without revenge. Victims of violence have every right to see perpetrators of such violent deeds face the law, and the public acting out of faith has the mandate to assist the victims of violence in their attempt to come to terms with their condition (Mahony para, 5). It is also the right of the general public to seek justice when laws have been violated, peaceful coexistence gotten rid of, and the rights of human beings violated by a variety of violent acts. The position of the Catholic Church has undergone extensive evolution over the last few decades in calling the public to seek justice rather than revenge (Anon p, 1). The Catholic Church also makes it clear that putting perpetrators to death does not restore the condition as it was before the crime was carried out. The papal authority has constantly called for an end to capital punishment. The Catholic Church under the leadership of the pope issues numerous appeals for clemency for those awaiting punishment by death around the world (Gregory para, 20). History of the Catholic Church on the death penalty and how it has changed over time The history of the utilization of death penalty, as a mode of punishment for evil deeds, is a story that entails exceptional conducts of the human beings stuffed with all sorts of anomalies. It incorporates religious matters and touches on almost all aspects of culture. The deep involvement of the leaders of the Catholic Church in the in the process of approving the deliberate destruction of the lives of human beings has resulted in development of a novel set of complex beliefs and practices that make up a kind of tradition. The early Catholic Church beliefs concerning capital punishment resulted in it being regarded as a different mode of punishment. The Bible, according to Hodgkinson and Schabas, is believed to have been the base on which early Catholic Church beliefs concerning death penalty were shaped (p, 117). Had death not been so clearly signified as an exquisitely ordained penalty for all who committed serious crimes, as it is in the Hebrew Bible, the practice of punishing criminals through death would not have gained the kind of momentum it gained in addition to occupying the central position in the Christian history (Megivern p, 8). The Catholic Church has a rich history of backing up death penalty. In the Vatican city is was death penalty was legal until it was prohibited by Pope Paul VI in the year 1969. The early Catholic Church did not have much of problem with capital punishment (Megivern p, 8). Death penalty, according to Megivern, was taken as an important tool for punishing those who threatened the social and political order (p, 9). This perception has however, changed over the years. There are numerous contradictions when it comes to the teachings and the stand of the Catholic Church on death penalty. Even though it has not been totally eliminated, the scope of capital punishment has been reduced drastically. Whereas the previous pope was totally against death penalty, constantly writing to law makers and judges to get rid of death penalty, in the United States and other developed countries, the official teaching of the Catholic Church makes it clear that capital punishment is not ethically incorrect in all cases. This calls for understanding of the cases where death penalty is an applicable means of punishing wrong doers (Gregory, para, 30). Over the years, â€Å"against the death penalty†, has turned out to be a common phrase among the Catholic Church faithful. Death penalty is treated as a form of intrinsic evil among Catholic Church faithful. The Catholic Church teachings have, over and over, made it clear that human life is sacred due to the fact that human beings were created by God. It is therefore the duty of each and every person to safeguard and defend the human life at all times. Human life according to the Catholic Church is a gift from God, and all people regardless of the social and economic backgrounds are called upon to enhance it. The Catholic Church argues that it is morally wrong to take away the life of another person (Cline para, 2). Nevertheless, the Catholic Church has always protected the government in its development and implementation of policies aimed at getting rid of wrong doers from society. This is why at certain times, in the history of the Catholic Church, Christians have supported capital punishment for certain crimes. However, as the Catholic Church continues growing in wisdom and experience, its teachings result in constant refining of capital punishment (Cline para, 4). The earlier edition of Catholic Church catechism, according not Gregory para, holds onto the traditional teaching of the church concerning death penalty (para, 6). These teachings allowed for the use of death penalty as a way of punishment with intent of protecting public order and defending life. As a result these church teachings redressed the disorder that emanated from the offense. However, the Catholic Church teachings made it clear that bloodless means of punishment should be employed. It also emphasized on the notion that Christians globally are supposed to show mercy and not revenge (Gregory para, 7). In 1997 the Catholic Church revised the section on death penalty. This revision was executed as a result of the changes in the catechetical presentation of the Catholic Church’s moral stand (Gregory para, 8). However, the purpose of death penalty as a means of restoring public order was not part of the revision. The corresponding perception of death penalty as a way of deterring further serious crimes was also minimized. After the 1997 revision of catholic catechism had failed to institute capital punishment as a means of restoring public order, the only reason for deterrent values of death punishment was that it provided protection to human beings against perpetrators (Gregory para, 8). In 2005, John Paul II after consultation with Roman Catholic bishops from all over the world came up with a conclusion that death penalty should only be permitted in cases of utter necessity, when it would be impossible to defend the society through other means of punishment (Gregory para, 10). John Paul II, as indicated by Gregory, pointed out that the world possesses the capacity to protect itself in addition to safeguarding the common good without the need for death penalty (para, 10). The Catholic Church holds onto the fact that various forms of punishment, with the exception of death penalty, have the capacity to protect and defend the safety of the people from perpetrators, and that modern authority is flexible enough to restrict itself to such means. John Paul II advocated for the use of other punishment modalities such as long periods of imprisonment with intent of promoting safety of the public (Gregory para, 14). These means would punish evil doers without necessarily having to kill them. Since the 1980s catholic bishops in the United States have persistently called for an end to the use of capital punishment in the country. They asserted that sanctity of all human life should be respected, innocent life should be protected, justice should be achieved through law and public order should be preserved (Gregory para, 30). The bishops claimed that capital punishment does not aid the main intent of reform due to the fact that the opportunity for a prisoner to reform is eliminated. They also argued that even though death penalty protects society from a particular criminal, who committed a serious crime for which death penalty is prescribed; it does not eliminate chances of similar crimes being committed in the future. Catholic Church leadership argued that communities are not made whole and societies are not strengthened through killing those who commit capital crimes. Death penalty according to the church leadership perpetuates a dangerous cycle of violence that eventually diminishes everyone (Gregory para, 31). In 1999 these bishops made an appeal to prohibit the use of capital punishment and followed it up in 2000 with Responsibility, Rehabilitation and Restoration: A Catholic Perspective on Crime and Criminal Justice Document (Gregory para, 29). This was after Pope John Paul II‘s visit to the United States in 1999. The Pope called for the abolition of death penalty. The Pope challenged the catholic faithful globally to protect the lives of innocent people, in a similar manner to abortion and euthanasia, in addition to protecting the lives of those who may have committed capital crime (Mahony para, 6). In 2005, Catholic bishops revived their fight against death penalty and began educating both Catholics and non-Catholics on the evils associated with death penalty. The American Catholic Church, currently, holds onto the perception that capital punishment under the conditions of the modern American society is not justified in the view of conventional rationale of punishment. Catholic Church leadership in the United States has developed careful guidelines concerning death penalty, which apply the teachings of the universal Church to the American culture. The modern American Catholic Church leadership has expressed its opinion against death penalty (Gregory para, 30). Whereas the ancient Catholic Church allowed for punishment of capital offenders with death, over the last four decades the Catholic Church has come out strongly against state-sponsored capital punishment (Megivern p, 14). This deviation from the Catholic Church teachings, which have been in existence for almost two millennia, is highly likely to provoke disagreement within the ranks of Catholic faithful. Modern Catholic Church leadership, as indicated by Hodgkinson and Schabas, charges that there are numerous flaws associated with the use of capital punishment including racial disparity and economic disproportion that take root in the trials of serious offenders (p, 126). Catholic leadership also makes it clear that chances of wrongly convicting men and women are very high, and therefore death punishment would result in the death of innocent people (Hodgkinson, and Schabas p, 127). Even though the validity of capital punishment has not been totally rejected, the circumstances in which they are approved are so limited that they are virtually impossible. The society is left without an option, rather than stick to the teachings of the Catholic Church. Conclusion  It can therefore be concluded that whereas the ancient Catholic Church did not have much of a problem with capital punishment, the modern Catholic Church stands resolutely against capital punishment. The Bible is believed to have been the base on which early Catholic Church beliefs concerning death penalty were shaped. The Catholic Church has a rich history of backing up death penalty. In the Vatican city is was death penalty was legal until it was prohibited by Pope Paul VI in the year 1969. Death penalty was taken as an important tool for punishing those who threatened the social and political order. This perception has however, changed over the years. The modern Catholic Church leadership has expressed its opinion against death penalty. The Catholic Church teachings make it clear that bloodless means of punishment should be employed. The Catholic Church leadership also asserts that human life is sacred due to the fact that human beings were created by God, and therefore it should be respected.

Jazz historiography Essay -- American Culture, Music

The rapid development of jazz in both the United States and Europe generated a number of diverse musical expressions, including musics that most listeners today would not recognize as â€Å"jazz† music. In order to remedy this situation, jazz musicians and critics after 1930 began to codify what â€Å"real† jazz encompassed, and more importantly, what â€Å"real† jazz did not encompass. This construction of authenticity, often demarcated along racial lines, served to relegate several artists and styles (those outside a â€Å"mainstream† to the margins of historiography. The issue of race is central to all discourses of jazz. Alongside race goes the problem of representation, or, who gets to play what for whom and under what circumstance. Problems of representation abound from the beginning of jazz history, usually centered on white representation of black music and culture from a negative vantage point. Iconic examples of this phenomenon include the 1917 release of Livery Stable Blues by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band and Paul Whiteman‘s 1924 Aeolian Hall concert. The ODJB‘s recording was the first jazz record and the first representation of jazz to the majority of Americans, both black and white. Whiteman’s concert was invested in representing jazz to white Americans, showing how it had progressed from its primitive black beginnings to a more sophisticated style rooted in the fundamentals of European practice. Indeed, ideas of creation and control in jazz have usually been drawn along racial lines: black as creator, white as curator. In this mode of racial understanding in jazz, white jazz fans and musicians supposedly lack an essential â€Å"something† that makes them unable to innovate in jazz. Conversely, black musicians, while highly c... ... of which modern jazz big band dance music (for example, the Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington and Count Basie Orchestras), bebop, and later Free Jazz- emerged. Modern jazz, and particularly bebop, because of its hybrid nature has presented cultural critics, and especially critics of music, with a set of unresolvable issues. The music itself embodies contradiction. It can accurately be called both popular and high culture; it has an oral, vernacular lineage and one related to more innovative compositional techniques; it is Afro-American and European, romantic and revolutionary; and it has both escapist (ie, Sun Ra and late-era John Coltrane) and resistant (ie. Archie Shepp, Ornette Coleman) tendencies. As a result, jazz has become one of the most highly discusses and debated modern musical forms with controversial discourse surrounding its development.

Evidence based practice Essay

INTRODUCTION: Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is a thoughtful integration of the best available evidence, coupled with clinical expertise. As such it enables health practitioners of all varieties to address healthcare questions with an evaluative and qualitative approach. EBP allows the practitioner to assess current and past research, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to identify relevant literature while differentiating between high-quality and low-quality findings. UNIT BACKGROUND: Evidence based practices was founded by Dr.Ardice Cochrane , a British epidemiologist.Cochrane was a strong proponent using evidence from randomized clinical trials because he believed that this was the strongest evidence on which clinical practice division is to be based.Evidence based health care practices are available for a number of conditions such as asthma,smoking cessation,heart failure and others.However these practices are not be implemented in care delivery and variation of practices[CMS,2008;Institute of medicine ,2001].Recent findings in the united states and Netherlands suggest that 30% to 40 % of patients are not receiving evidence based care,and 20% to30% of patients are receiving unneeded or potentially harmful care. DEFINITION: The most common definition of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is from Dr. David Sackett. EBP is â€Å"the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.† (Sackett D, 1996) Muir Gray suggests that evidence based health care is: â€Å"an approach to decision making in which the clinician uses the best evidence available, in consultation with the patient, to decide upon the option which suits the patient best†(Muir Gray, 1997) PURPOSES 1. Evidence based practice is an approach which tries to specify the way in which professionals or other decision mkers should make decisions by identifying such evidence that there may be for a practice and rating it according to how scientifically sound it may be. 2. Its goal is to eliminate unsound or excessively risky practices in favour of those that have better outcomes. 3. Evidence based practices has contributed a lot towards better patient outcomes. 4. The ultimate goal of evidenced based nursing is to provide the highest quality and most cost-efficient nursing care possible. 5. The purpose of evidence based practice in nursing is mainly to improve the quality of nursing care. For example: If you are caring for a child who was in a motor vehicle accident and sustained a severe head injury, would you want to know and use the effective ,empirically supported treatment established from randomized controlled trials to decrease his or her intracranial pressure? If the answer is â€Å"yesâ€Å",the empirical evidences are essentially very important in most of the clinical decision-making situations. The goal of EBP is the integration of: (a) clinical expertise/expert opinion, (b) external scientific evidence, and (c) client/patient/caregiver values to provide high-quality services reflecting the interests, values, needs, and choices of the individuals we serve. Conceptually, the trilateral principles forming the bases for EBP can be represented through a simple figure: STEPS OF EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE : Evidence based practice process involves 5 steps as: 1. Formulating a clear question based on a clinical problem  2. Literture review to search for the best available evidences 3. Evaluating and analyzing the strengths and weaknessof that evidence in terms of validity and genelisability 4. Implementing useful findings in clinical practice based lon valid evidence 5. Evaluating efficacy and performance of evidences through a process of self reflection , audit, or peer aseessment 1.Formulating a clear question based on a clinical problem:[ ASK the question ] The first step is to formulate a clear question based on clinical problems.Ideas come from different sources but are categorized in  two areas: Problem focused triggers and Knowledgee focused triggers. Problem focused triggers are identified by healthcare staff through quality improvement,risk surveillance,benchmarking data,financial data, or recurrent clinical problems.Problem focused triggers could be clinical problems,or risk management issues. Example:Increased incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli in trauma and neurosurgical patients.Diagnosis and proper treatment of a DVT is a very important task for health care professionals and is meant to prevent pulmonary embolism.This is an example of an important re tht more research can be conducted to add into evidence –based practice. Knowledge focused triggers are created when health care staff read research, listen to scientific papers at research conferences.Knowledge based triggers could be new research findings that further enhance nursing ,or new practice guidelines. Example: Pain management .,prevention of skin breakdown , assessing placement of nasogastric tubes, and use of saline to maintain patency of arterial lines. When selecting a question ,nurses should formulate questions that are likely to gain support from people within the organization.The priority of the question should be considered as well as the sevearity of the problem.Nurses should consider whether the topic would apply to many or few clinical areas.Also,the availability of the solid evidence should be considered.This will increase the staff willingness to implement into nursing practice. When forming a clinical question the following should be considered:the disorder or disease of the patient, the intervention or finding being reviewed, possibly a comparison intervention and the outcome.An acronym used to remember this is called the PICO model.: P-Who is the patient population? I-What is the potential intervention or area of interest? C-Is there a a comparison intervention or control group? O-What is the desired outcome? 2.Literature review to search for the best available evidence :[ ACQUIRE the evidence ] Once the topic is selected ,the research relevant to the topic must be reviewed . It is important that clinical studies , integrative literature reviewes , meta analysis, and well known and reliable existing evidence based practices guidelines are accessed in the literature retrieval process .The article can be loaded with optionated nd or biased statements that would clearly taint the findings, thus lowering the credibility and quality of article.Time management is crucial to information retrieval.To maintain high standards for evidence based practice implementation, education in research review is necessary to distinguish good research from poorly conducted research.it is important to review the current materials.Once the literature is located, it is helpful to classify the articles either conceptual or data-based.Before reading and critiquing the research ,it is useful to read theoretical and clinical articles to have a broad view of the nature of the topic and related concepts , and to then review existing evidence based practice guidelines. 3. Evaluating and analyzing the strengths and weakness of that evidence in terms of validity and generalisability: [APPRAISE the evidence] Use of rating systems to determine the quality of the research is crucial to the development of evidence based practice. Once you have found some potentially useful evidence it must be critically appraised to determine its validity and find out whether it will indeed answer your question. When appraising the evidence the main questions to ask, therefore, are: Can the evidence (e.g. the results of the research study) be trusted? What does the evidence mean? Does this answer my question? Is it relevant to my practice? Different appraisal and interpreting skills must be used depending on the kind of evidence being considered. Additionally, guidance and training on appraising different types of evidence are available from some of the websites listed on the Useful Internet Resources. 4.Implimenting useful findings in clinical practice based on valid evidence :Evidence is used alongside clinical expertise and the patient’s perspectives to plan care:[ APPLY:talk with the patient ] After determining the internal and external validity of the study ,a decisions is arrived at whether the information gathered does apply to your initial question.It is important to address questions related to diagnosis ,therpy ,harm, and prognosis. Once you have concluded that the evidence is of sound quality, you will need to draw on your own expertise, experience and knowledge of your unique patient and clinical setting. This will help you to decide whether the evidence should be incorporated into your clinical practice. You must consider both the benefits and risks of implementing the change, as well as the benefits and risks of excluding any alternatives. This decision should be made in collaboration with your patient, and in consultation with your manager or multidisciplinary team where appropriate.The information gathered should be interpreted according to many criteria and should always be shared with other nurses . 5.Evaluating efficacy and performance of evidences through a process of self reflection ,audit , or peer assessment: [self-evaluation ] Finally after implementation of the useful findings for the clinical practices;efficacy and performance is evaluated through process of self reflection ,internal or external audit or peer assessment.Part of the evaluation process involves following upto determine if your actions or decisions achieved the desired outcome. The Steps in the EBP Process: ASSESS the patient 1. Start with the patient — a clinical problem or question arises from the care of the patient ASK the question 2. Construct a well built clinical question derived from the case ACQUIRE the evidence 3. Select the appropriate resource(s) and conduct a search APPRAISE the evidence 4. Appraise that evidence for its validity (closeness to the truth) and applicability (usefulness in clinical practice) APPLY: talk with the patient 5. Return to the patient — integrate that evidence with clinical expertise, patient preferences and apply it to practice Self-evaluation 6. Evaluate your performance with this patient BARRIERS IN EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE There are many barriers to promoting evidence based practices such as: Lack of professional ability to critically appraise research.this includes having a considerable amount of research evaluation skills ,access to journals ,nd hospital support to spend time are limited to the nurses. Lack of time workload pressure ,and competing priorities of patient care can impede use of evidence based practice. Lack of knowledge of research methods Lack of support from the professional colleges and organizations , and lack of confidence nd authority in the research area Practice environment can be resistant to changing tried and true conventional methods of practice.It is important to show nurses who may be resistant to changes the nursing practice the benefits that nurses, their patients and their institutions can reap from the implementation of evidence base nursing practices which is to provide better nursing care. Values ,resources and evidence are the three factors that influence decision making with regard to health care.In adition the nurses need to be more aware of how to assess the information and determine its applicability to the practice. Lack of continuing educational programs . Practices donot give have the means to provide workshops to teach new skills due to lack of funding, staff and time ;therefore research may be tossed dismissed.if this will occur valuable treatment may never be utilized in the practice. Another barrier is introducing newly learned method for improving the treatments or patients.New nurses might feel it is not their place to suggest oreven tell a superior nurse that newer , more efficient methods and practices are available. The perceived threat to clinical freedom offered by evidence – based practice is neither logical nor surprising.When we make decisions based upon good quality information we are inconsistent and biased. MODELS OF THE EVIDENCE – BASED PRACTICE PROCESS A number of different models and theories of evidence based practice has been developed and are important resources.These models offer frameworks for understanding the evidence based practice process and for implementing an evidence based practice project in a practice setting.Models that offer a framework for guiding an evidence based practice include the following : Advancing research and clinical practice through close collaboration(ARCC) model [Melynk and fineout-overholt ,2005] Diffusion of innovations theory [Rogers , 1995] Framework for adopting an evidence –based innovation [DiCenso et.al.,2005] Iowa model of research in practice [titler et al ,2001] Johns Hopkins nursing evidence based practice models [Newhouse et.al, 2005] Ottawa model of research use [Logan and Graham ,1998] Promoting action on research implementation in health services (PARIHS] model-,[Rycroft – Malone et.al2002 ,2007] Stetler model of research utilization.[Stetler ,2001] Although each model offers different perspectives on how to translate research findings into practice .It provides an overview of key activities and processes in evidence based practice efforts ,based on a a distillation of common elements from the various models.The most prominent models are Stetler model of research utilization and Iowa model of research in practice. Stetler model of research utilization: The Stetler model of evidence-based practice would help individual public health practitioners to use evidence in daily practice to inform program planning and implementation. The Stetler model of research utilization helps practitioners assess how research findings and other relevent evidence can be applied in practice. This model examines how to use evidence to create formal change within organizations, as well how individual practitioners can use research on an informal basis as part of critical thinking and reflective practice. Research use occurs in three forms Instrumental use refers to the concrete, direct application of knowledge. Conceptual use occurs when using research changes the understanding or the  way one thinks about an issue. Symbolic use or political/strategic use happens when information is used to justify or legitimate a policy or decision, or otherwise influence the thinking and behaviour of others. The Stetler model of evidence-based practice based on the following assumptions 1. The formal organization may or may not be involved in an individual’s use of research or other evidence. 2. Use may be instrumental, conceptual and/or symbolic/strategic. 3. Other types of evidence and/or non-research-related information are likely to be combined with research findings to facilitate decision making or problem solving. 4. Internal or external factors can influence an individual’s or group’s review and use of evidence. 5. Research and evaluation provide probabilistic information, not absolutes. 6. Lack of knowledge and skills pertaining to research use and evidence-informed practice can inhibit appropriate and effective use Phase I: Preparation—Purpose, Context and Sources of Research Evidence Identify the purpose of consulting evidence and relevant related sources. Recognize the need to consider important contextual factors that could influence implementation. Note that the reasons for using evidence will also identify measurable outcomes for Phase V (Evaluation). Phase II: Validation—Credibility of Findings and Potential for/Detailed Qualifiers of Application Assess each source of the evidence for its level of overall credibility, applicability and operational details, with the assumption .Determine whether a given source has no credibility or fit and thus whether to accept or reject it for synthesis with other evidence .Summarize relevant details regarding each source in an ‘applicable statement of findings’ to look at the implications for practice in Phase III. A summary of findings should: reflect the meaning of study findings reflect studied variables or relationships in ways that could be practically used Phase III: Comparative Evaluation/Decision Making—Synthesis and Decisions/Recommendations per Criteria of Applicability Logically organize and display the summarized findings from across all  validated sources in terms of their similarities and differences. Determine whether it is desirable or feasible to apply these summarized findings in practice others involved). Based on the comparative evaluation, the user makes one of four choices: Decide to use the research findings by putting knowledge into effect Consider use by gathering additional internal information before acting broadly on the evidence. Delay use since more research is required which you may decide to conduct based on local need Reject or not use . Phase IV: Translation/Application—Operational Definition of Use/Actions for Change Write generalizations that logically take research findings and form action terms Identify type of research use (cognitive, symbolic and instrumental). Identify method of use (informal/formal, direct/indirect). Identify level of use (individual, group, organization). Assess whether translation or use goes beyond actual findings/evidence. Consider the need for appropriate, reasoned variation in certain cases. Plan formal dissemination and change strategies. Phase V: Evaluation Clarify expected outcomes relative to purpose of seeking evidence Differentiate formal and informal evaluation of applying findings in practice. Consider cost-benefit of various evaluation efforts. Use Research Utilization as a process to enhance the credibility of evaluation data. Include two types of evaluation data: formative and outcome CONCLUSION Evidence based practices as using the best evidence available to guide clinical decision making.Evidence based practice in nursing is a pocess of locating ,appraising and applying the best evidence from the nursing and medical literature to improve the quality of clinical nursing practices. Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is a thoughtful integration of the best  available evidence, coupled with clinical expertise. As such it enables health practitioners of all varieties to address healthcare questions with an evaluative and qualitative approach. EBP allows the practitioner to assess current and past research, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to identify relevant literature while differentiating between high-quality and low-quality findings.Evidence based practice involves making clinical division on the basis of the best possible evidence ,usually best evidence come from the rigrous research. REFERENCE 1. Anne M Barker. Advanced Practice Nursing-Essentials of knowledge for the profession. United States of America: Jons and Batlett publishers; 2009. P.337-338 . 2. Suresh k Sharma. Nursing research and statistics. Haryana: Elsevier; 2011. P. 22-27. 3. Dennise F Polit ,Cheryl Tatano Beck. Essentials of nursing research-Appraising evidence for nursing practice. 7th ed. Noida: Lippincot Willaims and Wilkins; 2009. P. 25-47. 4. Potter Perry. Basic Nursing. 7th ed. Haryana: Rajkamal Electric Press; 2009. P. 54-57. 5. Dr.R.Bincy. Nursing Research-Building Evidence for Practice. NewDelhi: Viva Books; 2013. P. 286-297. 6. Judith Habour. Nursing Research. 5th ed. United States of America: Mosby Elsevier; 2010. P. 386-427. 7. Neelam Makhija. A practice based on evidence based practice. Nightingale Nursing Times-A window for health. 2007 September; Vol 3: 18-21. 8. Models of evidence based practice. www.nccmt.ca/registry/view/eng/83-html. Accesed october 15, 2013.